International Marketing Environment Free Essays

International Marketing Environment Alfredo Carmona Prof. Simone Farrar Marketing 320 February 3, 20 In today’s fierce market it is important for corporations to go global. This isn’t an easy task as it takes a lot of careful planning and research in order to be successful at an international level. We will write a custom essay sample on International Marketing Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The competition can come from local companies to others looking to also expand into worldwide markets. This is why it is so important for a company to analyze this new market and familiarize themselves with them. This can lead to product changes, marketing changes even product name changes once all is taken into consideration. The research process can be lengthy and costly but will ultimately lead to the success of a corporation planning to do business abroad. The marketing process is very important for a company’s success. It must be implemented and planned accordingly for each market. The marketing process consists of four stages. The first stage is the analysis. In this stage data is collected and analyzed on the target market. The characteristics and behaviors of this group are very important. These characteristics are summarized using the eight O’s. The first of the eight O’s is occupants which is the market the company intends to target. Occupants will categorize the target market based on demographics, geography, psychographics and product related variables. These categorizations help the marketers break down large markets into much smaller workable groups. The next of the eight O’s is objects. This describes the service or product that will be used to satisfy the target markets needs Occasions is the third of the eight O’s. This characterizes the moment and time that these customers consume or purchase the product or service. The fourth of the O’s is objectives. Objectives are the motives that create the need for your product or service. The fifth of the O’s is outlets. Outlets are the places or ways a service and product are made available to the target market. This would include stores, websites etc. Organization is the way a buying or acceptance of the idea or service takes place. This will help the marketer understand how the need is created and the purchase is executed (Muhlbacher, Leihs Dahringer, 2006). The seventh of the eight O’s is operations. Operations represent a firms buying of products and services. This includes analyzing how difficult a company’s product or service will be to break through the market. The last of the eight O’s is opposition. This is where the competition will be analyzed. Any other company that offers a satisfaction for the same need is considered competition. Once the eight O’s have been analyzed a firm will have a better understanding of the needs of their market, how to satisfy these needs and the best way to stay ahead of its competition. A firm that is going global must also plan accordingly to foreign policies regarding imports and exports. The government has played a large role in international business. Some nations have strict restrictions and other forms of limitations regarding foreign products and services. The government uses forms of import controls in order to stabilize their countries economic state. Tariffs place a tax on imports and raise the price of these imported products. Quota systems are also used by the government. Quota systems are used to reduce the volume of imports accepted by a country (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2010). These regulations can have a big impact companies looking to break into the foreign markets. The government can also be even stricter and impact the global market more by boycotting business from certain nations. This is a strict plan where a country refuses to do business with another nation. This can lead to inflation of prices and other major changes to the international trade market. Nations governments have a played a big role in international business. Sometimes their role is in the best interest of their governing nations. Other times the restrictions are purely political hurting both their countries consumers and foreign based companies doing business in those countries. A company must analyze and incorporate the economic state of the nation they plan on doing business with. The economic state of a nation tells much about it. The physical quality of life is a composite measure of the level of welfare in a country (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2010). This analysis is important as these relate directly to countries wellbeing and how your product or service will be effective in that respected country. Those nations with poor economic growth and high levels of poverty would not be candidates for an expansion of luxury line of cars. However this nation might be the perfect setting for a cell phone company as the need for communications is at all-time high for developing nations. A firm that decides to invest in a foreign market is taking a risk. Any company planning on going global must understand that entering a foreign market comes with many risks and challenges. If any of the planning has flaws, a financial loss could be the end result. A company needs to analyze the risk and understand if they can afford the financial loss should their venture be unsuccessful. Success may also take time to occur. A company must comprehend that positive results can take time to come about. The large investment that is needed at first to fund the planning can take time to recoup but ultimately lead to the company’s success. Czinkota, M. R. , Ronkainen, I. A. (2010). International marketing. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Muhlbacher, H. , Leihs, H. , Dahringer, L. (2006). International marketing a global perspective. (3rd ed. ). London, England: Thomson Publishing Company. Shaming, Z. , Huifen, H. (2011). International marketing: Emerging markets. (Vol. 21). Wagon Lane, England: Emerald Group Publishing. How to cite International Marketing Environment, Papers

The Effects Of The Titanic Essay Example For Students

The Effects Of The Titanic Essay One of the most advertised events of the 1910’s was the so-called Unsinkable Titanic and it’s controversial sinking on April 14, 1912. When news of this British made luxury liner, weighing 46,000 gross tons reached American shores the press went wild. The idea of an unsinkable ship was bewildering. Then when the ship sank on her maiden voyage the press had a second hay-day. The sinking of the Titanic was a national event. It effected the 1910’s in several ways, 2 examples of this would be the death of American social icons, and the reforms made to ships technology and travel codes. (MSN Learning)The death of two admired Americans affected the 1910’s by turning the sinking of the Titanic into a national affair. Mr. Isidor Straus, one of the American millionaires killed on the titanic, operated a company that engaged in blockade running for the confederate states during the American Civil War. After the war he moved to New York and obtained R.H. Macy Co. He also severed as Congressman for New York Tate in 1895. Mr. Straus was a social icon in America. His death saddened citizens across America. (Straus Encyclopedia Titantica) Also social icon Colonel John Jacob Astor IV was killed in the shipwreck. He wrote the novel A Journey in Other Worlds. He invented mechanical devices like the bicycle brake, turbine engine, and a pneumatic road-improver. Astor also built the Astoria Hotel. Under the staff of General Levi P. Morton he became Colonel during the Spanish-American War. Mr. Astor contributed vastly to America’s development. The country was deeply moved by his death. The decade of 1910 was effected by the loss of these and other social icons. (Astor Encyclopedia Titantica)The sinking of the Titanic directly contributed to the 1910s’ and subsequent years through reforms in ship policies and travel codes. When investigators of the shipwreck found that there were only enough lifeboats for about half of the passengers aboard many reforms were issued. Such as the maintenance of a full-time radio watch on each ship while at sea, and in international ice patrol. The reforms made travel on large sea vessels much safer in the years following the accident. (Titanic Disaster)A major national event, the sinking of the Titanic, affected the 1910’s in many ways. Two of these ways are, the deaths of American icons, and the reforms on ship technology and travel codes. Social Issues

Cognitive Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence in Organisational Behavior

Emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI) involves understanding one’s emotions plus those of others and using these capabilities to ensure the best outcomes for all concerned. EI also revolves around knowledge of the source of emotions, what emotions mean, and the kind of information they provide towards being able to work well with others.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence in Organisational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), is an assessment tool that measures and tests aspects of EI. This analysis concentrates on knowledge and rarely on the ability to perform the tasks related to the knowledge measured. Unlike the past, when all a person needed was intelligence in order to be successful, the present day scenario has made EI mandatory for success; way above intellig ence quotient (IQ). Both managers and employees should be capable of managing themselves as well as other persons in order to be successful. Emotional intelligence is practical within a working environment if an individual handles the moods, emotions and impulses of other individuals with utmost sensitivity (Eisenberg, 2000). According to Sutton (1991), emotions, both negative and positive play a vital role in an individual’s life, both in the workplace and at home. Excitement and satisfaction are common when an employee gets an appreciable hike, wins a contract or a promotion from the management. However, frustration and anger prevail when an individual’s efforts are not appreciated by the right people. Emotions shoot up when an employee is pressured to work within stringent deadlines. Such stressing situations that are common within the context of a home or office, especially while dealing with different individuals, result from the inability to make an intelligent a ssessment of the various possible emotions. Emotional intelligence in the recent past has received considerable attention as potentially useful aspect in predicting and understanding an employee’s performance and success in the workplace. According to Rotundo Sackett, (2002), EI is a complex and multifaceted ability to be efficient and effective in majority of the life’s domains, as well as job success. Further, EI has been defined on the basis of competencies as a learned capability associated with emotional intelligence that translates to phenomenal performance in the place of work.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cognitive intelligence On the other hand, Cognitive intelligence is defined as the intellectual capabilities such as writing, reading, logic, analyzing, reason and prioritizing. Tests conducted to measure cognitive ability are used in performance a nalysis. Such tests are used to measure an individual’s ability to solve problems in various cognitive spheres. The distinction between emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence is evidenced in the psychometric tests of assessing cognitive ability and psychometric tests of intelligence (Sparrowe et al., 2001). Cognitive intelligence as a latent trait is assessed by psychometric tests. The cognitive ability is also assessed by tests that change over time; varying on the age as well as intelligence. Strengths of emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence With reference to job performance, cognitive intelligence has been identified to relate to such job performance dimensions as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and task performance. While OCB involves activities that are vital in achieving the organization’s objectives, though not formally considered as part of a job, task performance concerns the primary substantive duties that are formally consid ered part of the job (Rotundo Sackett, 2002). Theoretically, cognitive intelligence fosters task performance through the knowhow of rules, procedures and facts relevant to the technical core of the job. It further enhances OCB through such aspects as rules, procedures and facts vital for effective cooperating, helping and endorsement for the organization. Employees considered limited by their cognitive abilities may reconsider focusing on the benefits of high emotional intelligence as they often report low job performance in most jobs. With low job performance, there is a relatively larger room for correction and improvement. For instance, a salesperson who fails to retain the interest of possible customers is likely to lower the possibility of mistakes in future. As such, failure to attain job performance through cognitive intelligence can be compensated for through complementary mechanisms under emotional intelligence. Some of the strengths of emotional intelligence are as follow s: First, additional mechanisms include proficiency at identifying and understanding the emotions of other individuals. This is achievable within the working environment whereby organization members interact with coworkers, supervisors, support staff, and with outsiders such as patients, clients and customers. In the process of interacting, emotions are publicly displayed through vocal, facial and bodily signals that relay vital messages about their intentions, attitudes and goals (Sutton, 1991).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence in Organisational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For individuals with low cognitive intelligence and high emotional intelligence, such pertinent information may be transformed to high-risk performance. On the contrary, an individual with high cognitive intelligence and low emotional intelligence can accurately detect the publicl y displayed emotions to facilitate interpersonal functioning and coordination necessary for enhancing task performance. Additionally, information about other people’s intentions, attitudes and goals may be transformed into frequent OCB by individuals exhibiting low cognitive intelligence and high emotional intelligence. Such individuals can, for instance, depict the need for assistance for individuals exhibiting anxiety and sadness (Eisenberg, 2000). Secondly, emotional intelligence can enhance job performance of low-cognitive-intelligence individuals’ through regulating emotional influences to cater for social relationships. If an employee generates and displays genuine emotions, rather than fake ones, he/she is likely to receive favorable reactions. Showing genuine concern for coworkers’ problems enable employees to develop stronger relationships than employees showing less concern. To develop good social relationships, individuals with high emotional intellig ence and low cognitive intelligence may use their abilities to manage emotions. With well established and strong social relationships, there are higher chances of enhancing task performance through advice and social support. Similarly, favourable working relationships will highly prompt employees to participate in OCB more often to the advantage of colleagues (Sparrowe et al., 2001). Thirdly, job performance individuals with low cognitive intelligence can be enhanced by emotional intelligence through the effects of emotions on the individuals’ thoughts and actions. Individuals with low cognitive intelligence but intelligent emotionally can attain high levels of task performance and OCB in most jobs, by managing their emotions towards strengthening their motivation and quality of their decisions. For instance, understanding that anger leads individuals to undermine the level of risk in situations prompts managers to suppress anger while in the process of making an important fi nancial decision; thus portraying positive task performance. Similarly, an employee that understands the importance of positive emotions in enhancing motivation will boost positive emotions towards engaging in OCB (Gardner, 1983). Although open for discussion, it has been proven that emotional intelligence will often relate to the job performance of an individual within the organization with low cognitive intelligence, and in turn compensate for the low cognitive intelligence. However, as cognitive intelligence increases, emotional intelligence should be less positively related with job performance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Emotional intelligence is associated with certain benefits. Unlike in 1918, the Intelligence quotient (IQ) is now rated 24 points higher; a direct consequence of more schooling, better nutrition and smaller family sizes. However, emotional quotient (EQ) is lower between the two periods. The low EQ is evidenced by the bahaviours common with kids in the current times; more aggressive, more angry and unruly, more lonely and depressed, nervous and prone to worry. Cases of crime and violence are on the rise; drug abuse is persisting, cases of alienation and despair rising, unwanted pregnancies, school dropouts, eating disorders and even bullying (Wood et al., 2010). In business and psychology, it has become a pass time to predict job performance. When the performance assessment is carried out comprehensively using data from subordinates, peers and superiors, EQ predicts a higher performance thrice as good as IQ. Emotional intelligence contributes up to 90 percent for leadership through t he influence, team skills, self-confidence, political awareness and achievement drive. However, unsuccessful leaders, we depicted as being angry, lacking empathy, moody, defensive and critical. In corporate setting and blue-collar occupations, emotional intelligence assessments have been employed in predicting success and failure. Furthermore, the assessments have been instrumental in predicting aggression in the workplace, academic dropout, ability to recover from severe mental conditions and ability to cope with extreme medical conditions (Eisenberg, 2000). Limitations of emotional intelligence and cognitive intelligence Although many writers and scholars of intelligence have denoted the need for emotional intelligence as a necessary condition for effective leadership or productive leader-members relations, an empirical study to scrutinize this link suggests otherwise. Contention and issues of controversy touch on the definition and methods of measurement or predicting emotional i ntelligence; and what EI is supposed to measure or predict. Although it allows us to maintain relationships and keep our actions under control, emotional intelligence is variously dismissed as being just another management concept. More often than not, organizations encourage their employees to embrace emotional intelligence both during the hiring and development stages of their careers at the organisation. Individuals with low emotional intelligence view the move by the HR as an intrusion or hindrance into their personal lives. Consequently, emotional intelligence cannot be learned overnight but requires time and effort to learn and practice it correctly (Sosik Megerian, 1999) Unlike cognitive intelligence, that is measurable using psychometric tests, emotional intelligence is people ability and measurement of the social skills among individuals is a daunting task. Numerous analysis and effort are required in order for a successful analysis to be conclusive. Cognitive ability and emotional intelligence in modern organisations Organizations instituting leadership development programs depend on the feedback of coworkers to have a clue of how their leaders conduct themselves in the workplace. Variations exist in the results of employees’ self-ratings compared to the ratings by their supervisors, coworkers and subordinates. Management development often focuses on primary skills, abilities and knowledge that are considered fundamental to high-performing individuals or effective leadership behavior. The important leader behaviours are defined and acknowledged in a way that allows for their assessment and feeding back to the individual. Once an analysis of the key traits is done, the concerned individual is motivated to increase their understanding of areas of strength and weakness, in turn driving the development of improved leadership behaviour (Conway Huffcutt, 1997). In an effort to improve the organization as well as the individual’s performance , organizations invest considerable resources into skill development the individuals on the management level and above. As expected, increase in the return on investment points to the progressive employee development strategies. In addition to the management of skill development during a management-development initiative, it is essential to consider the skills an organization terms crucial for improvement. Organizations are guaranteed of better performing leaders championing for higher returns on investment if investment in the right skills is successful (Wood et al., 2010). In a similar tone, the lines of intelligence testing movement are adhered to by roots of emotional intelligence. Various forms of intelligence, such as social intelligence or the ability to act wisely towards other individuals exist. This aspect of intelligence has since its conception been a daunting task to measure, compared to measuring an individual’s cognitive abilities. Despite the challenges, attem pts to measure social intelligence have established that it is composed of three aspects: social knowledge, attitude toward society and degree of social judgment (Gardner, 1983). Further research was instrumental in coining of the concept emotional intelligence, as the presence of cognitive ability. It was a few years later that emotional intelligence was brought to the mainstream public and was quickly embraced by the leadership development community. Organization value emotional intelligence as it provides a framework for the measuring and designing of emotionally-based soft skills. According to Goleman et al. (2002), emotional intelligence is designed for use in organizational theory, research and practice to develop effectiveness of individuals both in leadership positions and workplace. Emotional intelligence in organizational outcomes has also been correlated with performance, and especially with linkage to leadership performance. Research conducted by Sosik and Megerian (1999 ) established leaders with high emotional intelligence performed better than their low emotional intelligence colleagues. Performance on job-related cognitive ability tasks have also been linked with emotional intelligence. A survey conducted in 1997 on benchmark was conducted on various corporations. From the survey, Goleman (1998) discovered 80 percent of companies focused on trying to promote emotional intelligence in their employees through training and development. While it was implemented during the recruiting and evaluation processes, almost 90 percent of desired traits for entry-level workers but were correlated with emotional intelligence. Following the results of various studies conducted across corporations the world over; it was conclusive that evidence pointed to the importance of emotional intelligence for the entry and success in the workplace today. Similarly, inclusion of emotional intelligence competencies is important as concluded by the agricultural education res earch. Goleman (1998) further argues that in order to apply emotional intelligence in the workplace, two set of competencies ought to exist: personal and social. Similarly, a divergent view postulates that eight factors should be considered while implementing emotional intelligence in an organization. These reservations arise because individuals differ in the abilities to handle emotions; while others may manage personal emotions and anxieties well, handling other people’s emotions might prove impossible. As such, researchers have concluded that individuals’ underlying basis for their levels of ability is neutral. Additionally, the human brain is considered plastic; ready to learn at every given opportunity. Variations in emotional skills can be compensated, especially if the concerned parties are willing to take up the task. References Conway, J. M. Huffcutt, A.I. (1997). Psychometric properties of multisource performance ratings: a meta-analysis of subordinate, supe rvisor, peer and self-ratings. Human Performance. 10, 331-360. Eisenberg, N. (2000). â€Å"Emotion, regulation, and moral development.† Annual Review of Psychology. 51: 665–697. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of mind: the theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basis Books. Goleman, D. (1996). Emotional Intelligence. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. London. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. McKee, A. (2002). Primal leadership: realizing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business School Press: Boston. Rotundo, M. Sackett, P. R., (2002). â€Å"The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach.† Journal of Applied Psychology. 87: 66–80. Sosik, J. J. Megerian, L. E. (1999). Understanding leader emotional intelligence and performance: the role of self-other agreement on transformational leadership perceptions. Group and Organization Management. 24, 367-390. Sparrowe , R. T., Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J. Kraimer, M. L. (2001). â€Å"Social networks and the performance of individuals and groups.† Academy of Management Journal. 44: 316–325. Sutton, R. I. (1991). â€Å"Maintaining norms about expressed emotions: The case of bill collectors.† Administrative Science Quarterly. 36: 245–268. Wood, J., Zeffane, R., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Creed, A., Schermerhorn, J., et al. (2010). Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications (2nd ed.). Brisbane: John Wiley and Sons. This essay on Cognitive Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence in Organisational Behavior was written and submitted by user Vanessa Stevenson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Prose study -The Time Machine by HG Wells Essay Example

Prose study Prose study -The Time Machine by HG Wells Paper Prose study -The Time Machine by HG Wells Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Time Machine As part of my English literature coursework, I am going to analyse H. G wells novel The Time Machine. I shall be focusing on chapter 12 of the play and explaining how this chapter is the climax of the narrative. I will also be considering how Wells creates suspense. Herbert George Wells was born on 21st November 1866 in Bromley, Kent. His father, a shopkeeper and cricketer and his mother a housekeeper. However Wells developed a love for literature at a very young age and used to study books in the library secretly. Wells obtained a scholarship and studied biology at the normal school of science. He left however without a degree and in 1891 married his cousin Isabel. From 1893, Wells became a full time writer. Wells was a novelist, journalist, sociologist and historian but is best known for works such as The invisible man, war of the worlds and in 1895, the time machine. The time machine is basically about the English class division of his time as well as a warning that human progress is not inevitable. The novel is set in the time it was written, as H. G Wells wrote this story to demonstrate the social issues of his time. The story is narrated by Hillyer who is present at the time travellers home along with several of the time travellers friends. These people are frequently identified by their professions rather than their names. The room consists of a provincial mayor, a medical man, a sociologist and a journalist. All of these people have professional careers; they have recognition in society due to their professions. This instantly shows us the class division of the time, as no non-professional person is present in the gathering. Meaning that the public is given little or no importance in informing them of such a scientific breakthrough. The time travellers theories are that any real body has four dimensions rather than three. These are, breadth, length, thickness and also duration. The first three are known as planes and the fourth as time. He also believed that like we can draw 3D on 2D, we should also be able to do 3D on 4D. Working on this theory, the time traveller has found a way of moving through time using a time machine. As well as this the time traveller also has theories on evolution that in the future the capitalist has evolved into the Eloi (peaceful but weak humans) and the labourers have evolved into the morlocks (aggressive ape-like people). However as the story progresses, he begins to rethink this theory and decides that the Eloi are the capitalists but have adapted to the life of the labourers. As they seem to have no control over their surroundings. He also thinks that the morlocks are in fact the labourers but have begun living the lives of capitalists, as they seem to be having total control. The balance of power has shifted entirely, causing confusion in. Again, Wells has clearly expressed his views on the social issues of his time. He is saying that the capitalists (morlocks) feed on the labourers (Eloi). This at present seems confusing but is later understood as the story continues. Naturally, some of the guests of the time traveller seem a little sceptical of the idea that man can travel through time, (yet they still admitted that there was such thing as the fourth dimension) and that rich, noble people would in the future become vicious human flesh eating people. Therefore the time travellers account of the future seems to be a bit of a joke, a kind of fantasy. So, to answer this puzzle that is in both the guests and readers minds, he backs his theory using scientific evidence. In fact Darwins and the Fabians theories were the basis of the time travellers very own. Darwin believed that everything was evolved from one thing or the other, for example, that humans ancestors were apes and monkeys. Similarly the time traveller has a theory on the labourers and the capitalist evolving into the morlocks and the Eloi. At first, Darwins theory was abandoned and people stuck to what was said in the bible. However, in Wells time the theory of evolution was gradually being accepted. The time traveller believes that through time, the social class division has gone to such an extreme that two different species have evolved, the morlocks and the Eloi. He also declares that this division is ongoing but is a lot more visible in the future, however the Eloi are unaware of it. This point is supported by the Fabians society. This society recognised the mistreatment of labourers and the inequalities of capitalism. Wells too joined this society and so is giving his opinions on the class struggle of the 1900s via the time traveller. Despite all this, Hillyer (the narrator) was most hesitant to reject the time travellers claims. Seen as though the book is demonstrating the class struggle, the book is based upon two forms of human: Eloi -the Eloi have several interesting characteristics that the time traveller talks about, including their appearance and way of living: Fragile and very sweet -this shows that the Eloi are peaceful yet weak. So sleep together to avoid being eaten by the morlocks. Due to such statements, the time traveller thought that the Eloi descended from the Labourers rather than the morlocks. These people of the remote future were strict vegetarians. -This again shows the simplicity of the Eloi; they only eat what is available, unlike the morlocks who go hunting for food (the Elois). I felt like a school teacher amidst children -the time traveller is comparing the behaviour of the Eloi to children. He is stating that the Elois attention span is that of a child, and that they dont seem to be interested in him for too long. The Eloi therefore have evolved from the Capitalists of the 19th century, rather than the Labourers. The time traveller realises this as he notices the Elois simple mindedness and the fact that they are pleasant but weak humans, so have not the mind s to form some sort of self-defence. The second types of species are the morlocks -these are predatory humans who have developed to live in the dark. Consequently they seem to be afraid of the light as the time traveller says, I lit a match, and, looking down I saw a small, white moving creature with large bright eyes which regarded me steadfastly as it retreated. The time traveller first thought these were nocturnal animals but later finds out the truth. With his first encounter with a morlocks, the time traveller describes it as a queer little ape-like figure, its head held down in a peculiar manner. He further describes the morlocks, dull white, and had strange large greyish eyes. The morlocks also had flaxen hair on their head and their backs which is why the time traveller later says it was so like a human spider! they also appeared to hold their forearms very low which made them look as if they were walking on all fours. With this brief encounter with the morlocks, the time traveller instantly begins to think up of a theory as to what these species were. At first, he thought they were some kind of nocturnal animals, as they possessed all the characteristics of one (used to the dark, large eyes). Except later he accepts that the morlocks like the Eloi, are human. After this does the truth dawn onto him that future human had divided into two species and that the morlocks were the people of the year 802,701 that lived underground. The upper class of Wells time had if any, very limited respect for the labourers class. And due to this class division, the time traveller presumes that the morlocks are the direct descendants of the labourers of the 19th century. As he says, even now, does not an east-end worker live in such artificial conditions as practically to be cut off from the natural surface of the earth? here the time traveller is discussing the similarities between the labourers of the 19th century and the morlocks of the 26th. As the story progresses, the time traveller discovers that at night, the morlocks eat the Eloi and so dont always stay underground. Here we are shown a real contrast between the species. The Eloi, calm and rather child like who live simply and are rather unaware of their surroundings. On the other hand are the morlocks, vicious, carnivorous species who arent exactly what they seem. With this in mind, the time traveller begins to rethink his theory and now decides that that the Eloi are in fact the capitalists, unaware of what lies ahead hether theyll still survive or not. Furthermore the morlocks are actually the labourers, knowing what lies ahead of them. They appear to be innocent in front of the Eloi, but in actual fact they secretly conquer the underworld and roam the top of the world by night. Once again, Wells has clearly projected his ideas via the time traveller but also, has hinted the moral of the story. Wells is stating how unfair capitalism is in his time and what it woul d lead into if it were not stopped. Focusing on chapter twelve Chapter twelve, in the darkness, is clearly the climax of the narrative. This is partly due to what happened prior to this chapter. Particularly in chapter eleven, when the time traveller takes Weena (one of the Elois) to the palace of green porcelain. Here the time traveller amazingly discovers items of use, a box of matches, some camphor and an iron crow bar. And at last in one of the really airtight cases, I found a box of matches, the were perfectly good. They were not even damp and then by the merest accident I discovered, in an airtight case, two dynamite cartridges! I think this is too much of a coincident that a box of matches has been preserved for six centuries and are in fully working order. Therefore I think wells has places these things on purpose in the palace, so that the audience are given a clear indication of what dangers lye ahead of Weena and the time traveller. Wells has created suspense before the beginning of chapter twelve; this also assists in chapter 12 bein g the climax of the story. Chapter twelve has three stages of suspense, the beginning, the middle when the woods is set on fire and the end when Weena disappears. This structure not only helps make the chapter more understandable, but also gradually builds up suspense as we read on. Therefore this technique adds to the readers pleasure. In the beginning, everything seems to be calm and normal, nothing is going wrong. Having learned the morlocks weakness, the time traveller prepares himself by gathering wood and grass in order to start a fire and repel the morlocks. But when he recalls the incident that happened once going in the woods, the time traveller regrets going in, I was to discover the atrocious folly of this proceeding. Once entering the woods, the time traveller and Weena realise that they are being followed by the morlocks. While we hesitated, among the black bushes behind us, and dim against their blackness, I saw three crouching figures. So the time traveller lit a match to scare away the morlocks. Later, he and Weena fell asleep whilst the fire was lit, but somehow the fire had gone out and the morlocks had taken the matchbox and Weena. He finds his iron crowbar, and fights off the Morlocks currently attacking him, and then finds that the forest is burning. He makes it to the summit of a hill and watches the Morlocks total confusion as a result of the fire And now I was to see the most weird and horrible thing, I think, of all that I beheld in that future age. He then decides that Weena is lost forever, and so he continues on to the Sphinx. This incident creates tension on the outcome of the play, the audience is kept guessing as to whether the time traveller will make it or not, or will he also be captured by the morlocks? In the third stage, Wells uses emotive language to display the time travellers feelings at the loss of Weena. The Time Traveller reaches a new emotional low after losing Weena, and the error of his choices are again painfully clear to him by the end of the night. The value of his relationship with Weena also becomes more evident after she is gone. The Time Traveller mentions his loneliness and thoughts of the present company (who are listening to his story) and his longing to see them. The Time Traveller makes clear that although in most ways Weena is far from similar to humans from his day, her feelings for him were very human, in the most important similarity there could be. I felt the intensest wretchedness for the horrible death of little Weena. It seemed an overwhelming calamity. The time traveller is an extremely powerfully written novel. Wells ideas of the state of his own civilization are distinct. He is trying to say that the capitalists of his time are like the morlocks. The capitalists are perhaps like scavengers, hungry for the flesh of labourers. He is also presenting his opini on on the unequal division of the classes. Like the morlocks and the Eloi, the capitalists and the labourers are two different species. The Eloi can once be compared to the 19th century capitalists, that they too enjoy the riches of the upper world. But in fact the situation is quite the opposite. The morlocks only let the Eloi live so that they can later eat them. Similarly, in Wells opinion, the capitalists only let the labourers live so that they can get work out of them. Wells message is simple; this extreme class division should end. An audience of the 21st century would react differently to the audience of the 19th century regarding the story. This is because now, the industrial revolution has almost entirely disappeared, resulting in hardly any labourers. Even so, these few labourers are treated with dignity and with respect, unlike in the time of H. G Wells. Another reason would be that the class divisions of the modern day are not so extreme as they were before. This novel is once again extremely well written and the moral is easily understood. However, in my opinion, this novel is aimed at an older audience rather than a teenage one. This is due to the language and grammar used in the book.

The Promotion of Unhealthy Habits through Smoking Essay

The Promotion of Unhealthy Habits through Smoking - Essay Example This essay "The Promotion of Unhealthy Habits through Smoking" outlines the negative effect of the advertising, its targets and the most influenced age group. Till as late as the 1970s tobacco companies had an almost unobstructed ride with their freewheeling advertisements. However, as more and more irrefutable scientific evidence pointed towards smoking-related health hazards, governments of more advanced nations and various other social and medical groups took up cudgels against irresponsible cigarette advertisements that could mislead people. In the United States such resistance culminated in the Master Settlement Act (MSA) signed on November 1998 between 46 states and five territories and he major tobacco companies viz. Phillip Morris Companies (now known as Altria), RJ Reynolds Tobacco, Lorillard Tobacco, and Brown and Williamson. The MSA came into effect in 1999 and curbed outdoor cigarette advertising, transit advertising, cigarette-related cartoon characters, product placemen t in the media and tobacco merchandizing (Krugman et al, 2006, pp. 197). Simultaneously, it had been made mandatory that all tobacco products carry health hazard warnings, and even more stringent laws have been enacted in states such as California to ban tobacco advertisements in youth magazines and sale of tobacco to young people. In spite of all such anti-smoking measures, tobacco companies still managed to come up with novel ways of circumventing the law and rules and use advertisements to promote sales.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Fall Of The Roman Empire - Essay Example Much is known about the history of the early Greek, but nothing much is known about the early history of Rome prior to B.C.753. The culture that was built by the Romans is called classical and they could make a vast empire in Rome. The mythological history of Rome states that it was built by Romulus and Remus, the twin wolfs. As the idiom, ‘Rome was not built in one day’, depicts the duration of building the Roman Empire. The hard work and organized enthusiasm of the Romans could make a great empire that reached far and across the world. As the building of the empire took many years it took years for the fall of the empire too. The Romans were not great thinkers as the Greek but were men of sound commonsense and mighty action. The Romans were fine soldiers and were organized well and this enabled them to build a mighty Roman empire. They were the people who had exceptional skill in administrative levels and statesmanship which enabled them to rule many countries far and across Rome. The generals and statesmen like Julius Caesar and Augustus could extend the boundaries of the empire to other side of the world. Their capacity to rule the different nations of language and creed was one of the successes of their culture and civilization. Due to the expansion of the Empire it was divided into two- the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman empire. The Roman Empire lasted for five centuries. The fall of Roman Empire happened in 476 A.D. Even after the fall of Roman Empire that happened in the Western side the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) continued for 1000 more years. The final fall of the empire took place when Constantinople, which was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in the year A.D. 1453. The fall of the Roman Empire was a gradual process. Many reasons are associated with the fall of this great Empire. The reasons for the fall of Roman Empire: The long history of the Roman Empire tells the ups and downs of the empire. As it took many years to build the nation it took rather same years to the destruction of the nation. There are so many major and minor reasons that caused the decline of the vast empire. The major reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire are given below. Weak rulers: Among the five centuries of Roman rule 200 years witnessed the golden rule of the emperors whereas the remaining 300 years the empire was on the death bed. As the empire was wide great rulers had to be there, but the number of the great rulers were less in Rome. This resulted in loose maintaining of peace in the country. Of course Rome was ruled by the mighty leaders like Augustus, Julius Caesar, Diocletian, Theodosius the Great, and Marcus Aurelius. But these generals were few in number and for every great ruler there were dozens of weak rulers. In the history of five centuries in about 84 emperors ruled Rome and among them only a few are counted to be good and efficient. In A.D. 476 Odoacer, the leader of the German barbarians put an end to the flickering fame of the Roman Empire by expelling the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustus. As the leaders were weak the barbarians from all sides of the empire attacked Rome. The Geographical barriers of the Rome had to surrender before the constant attacks of the barbarians. Rome had to defend from the rivers Rhine ( 820) miles and Danude (1,771 miles). As Thorpe observes, â€Å"from 180 A.D., the West depended upon mercenaries to defend its boundaries and relied more on arms than fortifications (no one thought that Rome would not endure forever)† (Thorpe 45). The Roman Empire never came out from it and this lead to the final downfall of the empire. Internal war and problems: It may be

The effects of marijuana on physical psychological & physiological Essay

The effects of marijuana on physical psychological & physiological functioning - Essay Example Research also shows that the earlier people start using drugs, the more likely it is for them to experiment with other drugs. Impact on physical functioning According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse (2010), marijuana use can lead to some immediate physical consequences like increase in heart rate by as much as 50 percent, depending on the amount of THC. The increased heartbeat and pulse rate can cause chest pain and heart failure especially if the individual is taking other legal or illegal drugs. The white of the eye changes to somewhat pink in color because of dilation of the vessels in the conjunctiva of the eye giving it a ‘blood-shot’ appearance. Other physical effects include drop of the pressure in the eyeball, sense of cold or hot hands and feet, relaxation of the muscles and dry mouth and throat. These effects are temporary and mostly disappear after a couple of hours. The unfiltered smoke inhaled into the lungs can cause cellular changes called metaplas ia, which are considered precancerous. Continual smoking of marijuana can cause tissue damage resulting in abnormal functioning of the lungs since the amount of tar inhaled by marijuana smokers is nearly three to five times more than that inhaled by tobacco smokers. In laboratory test, the tars from marijuana smoke have produced tumors when applied to animal skin (Venable, P.C., 2004). These studies suggest that it is likely that marijuana use can cause cancer if used for a prolonged period of time. In men, marijuana use has been found to decrease testosterone, cause breast enlargement and lead to sterility particularly if the drug use began during puberty. In women, marijuana leads to irregular menstrual cycles, depression, an increased testosterone level and the possibility for having children with moderate to severe physical and mental deficiencies ranging from learning disabilities to babies born with weak central nervous systems. Some research studies suggest that the use of ma rijuana during pregnancy may result in premature babies and in low birth weights (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2010). Impact on psychological functioning Marijuana has been found to be psychologically addictive and users have been found to have a hard time limiting their use. Although many argue that marijuana is not addictive, users who have stopped smoking it report irritability, inability to sleep, uncontrollable crying, mood swings and feelings of sickness during withdrawal. Long-term marijuana users crave for higher doses of the drug to get the same â€Å"high†. Although marijuana causes the users to feel elated and happy within minutes of using the drug, they often feel paranoid. One of the adverse reactions to marijuana is â€Å"acute panic anxiety†. People who have used marijuana describe this reaction as an extreme fear of â€Å"losing control† which causes panic causing them to often look out the windows, pace the floors or chew their fingernails (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2010). These symptoms usually disappear in a few hours. Impact